Hazrat Abdul Qauddus Gangohi

His name was Abdul Quddus, and Gangohi was his title. He was born in 860 A.H., in Radoli (India). His father's name was Shaikh Isma'il, who was a pious man & a descendent of Imam Abu Hanifa.

In childhood, he was an intelligent student, even he wrote a book "Behr-ul-Ansha'ab". But some time later he felt inner change, he lost his interest in studies. One day when he was sutying a book, he tore it & was thrown into ecstasy. Then he often remained in the state of ecstasy. One day when he was wandering in the state of ecstasy, a scholar Shaikh Fathullah met him on the way, and asked: "Which book are you studying nowadays?" Shaikh Gangohi replied: "The book of devotion & wonder." The scholar was speechless after hearing that reply.

His mother was grieved about his giving up the studies. So she complained to her brother Qazi Danial (who was the governor of Radoli), and asked him to convince Shaikh Gangohi to continue his education. So Qazi Danial called him & strictly warned that if he would not continue his studies then he would be punished. Shaikh Gangohi replied: "If the punishment is good for me, then don't delay." When their conversation was still in progress, Shaikh Gangohi heard the voice of some females who were singing a song. Shaikh Gangohi was thrown into ecstasy after listening to the music, and started to dance. His uncle, Qazi Danial understood about his condition, and convinced his sister to let Shaikh Gangohi do what he wants, as he is inclined towards divine knowledge, and he doesn't need wordly education.

Shaikh Gangohi needed a Murshid (Spiritual Teacher) who could guide him to walk on the   spiritual path. So he decided to leave Radoli in search of a Sufi Master, when he was on his way to leave Radoli, a person met him & asked that where he is going. Shaikh Ganghi said that he is leaving home in the search of God. That person advised him to go back, and visit the tomb of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, he would certainly find a way. So Shaikh Gangohi turned back to Radoli, and went to the tomb of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, who was a great Sufi Saint & died long before the birth of Shaikh Gangohi. When Shaikh Gangohi arrived at the tomb, he found Shaikh Pyaray (Who was a disciple of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq's son Shaikh Arif). Shaikh Pyaray was reading a Sufi book "Diwan-e-Mas'ud" at that time, and when he saw Shaikh Gangohi, he hid that book, as he didn't know about the inner change of Shaikh Gangohi. After watching Shaikh Pyaray's that strange act, Shaikh Gangohi said: "I've come to seek that divine knowledge." Shaikh Piyaray felt the spiritual ecstasy of Shaikh Gangohi, so then he freely discussed with him about Sufism.

Shaikh Gangohi started to live at the tomb, during the day time he used to serve Shaikh Pyaray, and in the night he continued the tough spiritual contemplations. Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq's spirit also met him & guided him time to time. After some time, Shaikh Gangohi thought that till today he hasn't formally took the Bay't from any Sufi Master. So he decided to leave this place & search for a Sufi Master, during those days, the spirit of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq many times inspired him to stay at the tomb & don't leave, but Shaikh Gangohi didn't take notice of that. So finally, Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq appeared before him with his physical existence, and said: "Do you still think that I'm dead? You are mine, so don't go to any other place." Later, Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq ordered him to go to his grandson Shaikh Mohammad, from whom Shaikh Gangohi took the Bay't and became his Khalifa (Spiritual Heir). Shaikh Gangohi also received spiritual guidance directly from Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, even one day in the presence of many people at the tomb, he stood up from his grave & talked to Shaikh Gangohi.

Later Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi perform the toughest spiritual contemplations, and for many days he ate nothing. Like Baba Farid, he also performed "Chilla-e-Ma'koos", and during that Chilla (Contemplation) he also continued "Sultan-ul-Azkaar", in that Chilla he lost his conscious, and reached to the spiritual stage of Fana' (Annihilation).

Shaikh Gangohi's spiritual teacher, Shaikh Mohammad had two sisters. The elder sister was married, and after her marriage it was disclosed that her husband isn't a good person, so her marriage life wasn't successful. Her mother decided to marry her younger daughter to a person whom Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq would select by himsel for her. Once she was spiritually commanded by her father-in-law Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, to marry her daghter to Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi. When she sent proposal for her daughter's hand to Shaikh Gangohi through her maid, he refused to marry. As he was lost in Divine, he even didn't have any sense of his existence. But later when his elders insisted him to marry, then he agreed to marry with the sister of his Murshid (spiritual teacher).

On the day of marriage, Shaikh Gangohi was busy to work at the tomb of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, people took him home where the marriage ceremoney was in progress. When the "Nikah" (Marriage) had been done, women started to play music & singing. After listening to the music, Shaikh Gangohi was thrown into Jazb (Spiritual Ecstasy) & after toring his new cloths of marriage, he started to dance in pre-conscious state. People gathered around him, and said that Shaikh Mohammad has given his sister to an insane person, who is dancing on the occasion of his own marriage.

Shaikh Gangohi had four sons from that marriage:

  1. Shaikh Hamid-ud-Din

  2. Shaikh Ahmad

  3. Shaikh Rukn-ud-Din

  4. Shaikh Mohammad Ali

 

In 898 A.H., he migrated from Radoli to Shah-abad, where he preached Sufism. An alcoholic man "Shaikh Bhura" came to him, seeking his help to give up alcohol forever. In few days under the guidance of Shaikh Gangohi, he gave up alcohol, and became a pious man. Then he requested Shaikh Gangohi to let him go to Makka for pilgrimage, but Shaikh Gangohi didn't grant him permission, and said: "Don't go now, you will find your destiny here." So Shaikh Bhura stayed with him, and in few years he became a Sufi after performing different contemplations under Shaikh Ganguhi.

During his stay in Shah-abad, once Shaikh Gangohi heard the voice of Shaikh Ahmad Abdul Haq, who told him to go to Rodali. On the next day, when he reached there, he found his Murshid (Spiritual Teacher) Shaikh Mohammad in agony, who died after few days. After his burial, he appointed Shaikh Buddhan as the Spiritual Heir (Khalifa) of Shaikh Mohammad, and the he went to Shah-abad.

After some years he moved to a town, called "Gangoh", on the request of his disciple, in 934 A.H., who belonged to that town.

Shaikh Gangohi's wife was also a pious woman & Sufi. Once during Tahajjud prayer, she got the Divine inspiration (Kashf) that a fire appeared from Khurasan (Iran) and started to burn everything that came to its way to India.

Soon, her Divine inspiration became true. At that time in India, there was Lodhi Empire. Soon the famous Mughal King "Babar" started to attack different states that were ruled by Lodhis. In India, people were scared. During that time Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi heard the Divine voice: "I've made you the Qutub-al-Aqtab (Monarch of all Spiritual Monarches)."

In 1524 A.D. a great battle took place between the Mughal King Zahiruddin Babar & the Lodhi King Ibrahim in Punjab, and Babar won that battle & captured Punjab. After two years in 1526 A.D. Babar planned to move ahead to topple the whole Lodhi Dynesty from India. So Babar & his son Humayun with their 60,000 soldiers, moved ahead from Punjab, and on the other side Ibrahim Lodhi's army gathered near Panipat. During that time the Indian people were scared about their lives, many people fleed the country. On God's command, Shaikh Gangohi went to the village "Kuttana" on the right bank of the river Jamna. Surprisingly on the left bank side of the river Jamna, Ibrahim Lodhi was staying with his 1,200,000 soldiers, to attack Babar. When Ibrahim Lodhi heard the news about Shaikh Gangohi's arrival there, he went to meet him, and requested him to stay with his forces. But Shaikh Gangohi told him: "I can't stay with you, as I don't see you to cross Panipat." Later Shaikh Gangohi told his son Shaikh Hamid & his one disciple to stay with Ibrahim Lodhi. And Shaikh Gangohi himself left for Gangoh. In 932 A.H the battled took place between Lodhis & Mughals, Ibrahim Lodhi was killed along with many of his soldiers, and some of his soldiers surrendered to Babar. Babar captured Shaikh Hamid & his disciple, and ordered both of them to go with him to Delhi on foot. But when they reached to Delhi, Babar freed both of them without any reason.

Shaikh Gangohi's one disciple "Datto Sherwani" was an Afghan & a soldier of Lodhi Dynesty. In whole horrible battle between Mughals & Lodhis, he properly got inspirations & guidance from Shaikh Gangohi. Even after the defeat of Lodhis, and during some other battles in the different states of India between Mughals & Lodhis, he remained unhurt. Later he joined the army of Sher Shah Suri, and fought against Humayun, and Humayun was defeated in that battle & went on exile to save his life. After the death of Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi, Datto Sherwani came back to Gangoh, where Shaikh Rukn-ud-Din was writing the biography of Shaikh Gangohi, he requested him to also add some spiritual inspirations & guidances, which he got from Shaikh Gangohi during the war era. So his experiences were also written in the book "Lata'if-e-Quddusi". And it was Shaikh Gangohi's great miracle that he even cared of his disciple whose all companion soldiers were killed in the war, and some were captured, but he remained safe.

Abdul Quddus Gangohi was also fond to the Sufi music like other sufis of Chishtiya Sufi Order. He often thrown into ecstasy by listening to the sufi music & started to dance. Shaikh Jalil Thanisari, at that time was a great Islamic Scholar, he often mocked & jested over Shaikh Gangohi before one of his dicsiples. Once he told Shaikh Gangohi's disciple: "Your Teacher is a Dancer!!" That disciple felt bad to listen to such words about his teacher, so he went to Shaikh Gangohi & told him about that. Shaikh Gangohi said: "If he would again say such words to you, then you just tell him that 'my teacher dances & also make others to dance.' " Some days later, Jalil Thanisari met that disciple again & repeated the same words, that disciple told him: "My teacher dances & also make others to dance." After listening to those words, Jalil Thanisari cried, tore his cloths & ran away towards the  jungle. After coming into his senses, he went to Gangoh & apologized to Shaikh Gangohi and became his disciple.

After some years Shaikh Jalil Thanisari went to perform pilgrimage in Makka, later when he went to the tomb of the Holy Prophet, he heard the voice coming from the grave of the Holy Prophet: "Convey my Salam to your Pir Bid'ati." When Shaikh Thanisari arrived to Gangoh, he told Shaikh Gangohi that the Holy Prophet told him to convey his Salam to him. Shaikh Gangohi said: "No, tell me the same words that he told you." When Shaikh Jalil Thanisari said the same words, Shaikh Gangohi was thrown into ecstasy.

As Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi belonged to Chishtiya Sufi Order, so like other Chishti Sufis, he also believed in "Wahdatul Wajud". He often talked about that during the state of ecstasy (Jazb). Once his sons asked him that if "Wahdatul Wajud" is a right concept, then why there is no explanation about that in Qur'an & Hadith? Shaikh Gangohi replied that in Sharia't there is no explanation about that, but there are some clues in Qur'anic verses & Hadith about that. Even in few verses we can find the explanation, but the Islamic Scholars aren't able to understand that & call these clues & verses as "Mutashabih" (The Qur'anic Aya't that, according to Muslim Scholars, are used for examples. So Muslim Scholars call them as 'Resembling Aya't '). Shaikh Gangohi also said that the terminology of "Mutashabih" (Resembling Aya't) was first presented during the preiod of "Taba' Tabi'en" (The Muslims who seen the Tabi'en), and before Tabi'en no one used that terminology, because they understood what God described in those Aya't. During that discussion, Shaikh Gangohi was thrown into Jazb (ecstatsy), and told to his sons: "You people have little knowledge of spiritual matters, you deny Wahdatul Wajud, therefore I could not live with you people." Then he wanted to leave Gangoh for Thanisar, but people fell on his feet & requested him not to leave Gangoh. So he stayed in Gangoh, but stopped to perform prayers in the Imamat (leadership) of his sons. When Shaikh Jalal Thanisari heard that news, he came to visit Shaikh Gangohi. Shaikh Gangohi stopped him at the doorstep, and asked: "Are you follower of Drinkers? (Sufis who drink the wine of God's Oneness & see him all around)" Shaikh Jalal Thanisari understood the hidden message of Shaikh Gangohi's question, so he recited some Qur'anic Aya't that contained the clue of "Wahdatul Wajud" and after that he explained the "Wahdatul Wajud" in detail, that how both Qur'an & Hadith certify "Wahdatul Wajud", later Shaikh Gangohi's sons also recited some couplets on "Wahdatul Wajud", which pleased Shaikh Gangohi & he embraced his sons.

Three years before his death, he preferred loneliness, ate very little & mostly fasted. That's why he had some health problems, but still he continued his routine. Also most of the time he was thrown into ecstasy. And before 45 days of his death, he stopped to eat. He died on 23 Jamadil Akhir 944 A.H. (1537 A.D) at the age of 84. After his death, his son Shaikh Rukn-ud-Din washed his dead body, and he clearly heard the voice of Zikr (Allah... Allah..) coming out from the heart of Shaikh Gangohi.

Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi's tomb is in Gangoh, District Suharanpur, U.P. India.

Shaikh Abdul Quddus Gangohi had thousands of disciples. But Shaikh Jalal Thanisari was his Khalifa (Spiritual Heir). Shaikh Jalal preached Shaikh Gangohi's Sufi thoughts around the sub-continent. Some great names come in the list of students tree, like: Haji Imdadullah Mahajir Makki; Maulana Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi; Maulana Mohammad Qasim Nanothwi; Mohammad Yaqub Nanothwi & Ashraf Ali Thanwi etc.

 

Miracles: