Hazrat Abu Bakkar and Sufism

1. According to Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi, Hazrat Abu Bakkar was the first person to give instructions about the reciting of the sacred Kalimah as a means for purification of the heart. According to Hazrat Junaid, the noblest saying about "unification" is that of Hazrat Abu Bakkar who said: "Glory to God who has not vouchsafed to His creatures any means of attaining knowledge of Him except through impotence to attaining such knowledge". The implication is that Ijz or helplessness is the only way of attaining the knowledge of God. The test of learning is that one should have the feeling that he has yet much to learn."

2. Hazrat Ali Hajveri (Data Gunj Bakhsh) has stated in his classic work "Kashful Mahjub", that Hazrat Abu Bakkar is the Imam of the Sufis. Most of the Sufi orders originate with Hazrat Ali, but the "Naqshbandi" order originates with Hazrat Abu Bakkar who is regarded as the first person to perceive the truth about Sufism. The Sufis maintain that Abu Bakr rose to the highest stage of Tasawwuf (Sufism), and that he had some of the qualities that characterized the Prophet Abraham. The Holy Quran confers on Hazrat Abraham the title of Awwah, one who sighs much, and this was the name by which Hazrat Abu Bakkar was known among his companions. Hazrat Abu Bakkar would often sigh and say, "I wish I were a bird", or "I wish I were a tree'', or again "I wish I were a hair on the body of a Momin". On seeing a bird perched on the branch of a tree, Hazrat Abu Bakkar would heave a sigh and say, "O bird you are happy. You eat of the fruits of the tree, and live under its shadow. You have no fear of rendering accounts. How I wish I had been in a position similar to yours".

3. Once the Holy Prophet invited contribution from the Muslims for financing the expedition to Tabuk. In response to the invitation Hazrat Umar brought a considerable portion of his wealth. As he came loaded with the contribution, Umar thought that day he would surpass Hazrat Abu Bakkar in the matter of service to Islam. The Holy Prophet was very happy to receive the contribution from Hazrat Umar. "Have you left anything for yourself" asked the Holy Prophet, and Hazrat Umar replied, " I have left one half for myself. Then Hazrat Abu Bakkar came with his contribution, and when the Holy Prophet put him the same question he promptly replied, "I have brought all I had, I have left Allah and His Prophet for myself and my dependents. " This approach marks the apogee of Tasawwuf (Sufism).

 

Hazrat Umar and Sufism

1. Hazrat Umar was blessed with the gift of forecasting events by playing upon the meaning of words.

(i) When on the eve of the battle of Nihawand, the Governor of Kufa sent a messenger to Hazrat Umar, he forecast the coming events by asking the messenger his name and the name of his father. When the messenger said that his name was "Qareeb" (meaning: Near), and his father's name was "Zafar" (meaning: Victory), Hazrat Umar forecast that for the Muslims victory was near. And it happened so.

(ii) It is recorded that once a man waited on Hazrat Umar. He asked him what was his name. He said that his name was "Jamrah" (meaning: A live coal). Hazrat Umar then asked him about his father's name, and he said that his father's name was "Shihab" (meaning: flame). Hazrat Umar then enquired to which tribe he belonged. He said that he belonged to the tribe of "Al-Harrah, (meaning: Heat). He was asked where did he live and he replied "Al-Harqah" (meaning: 'Warmth). Hazrat Umar asked him what was his clan and he said "Sat Ladha" (meaning: Blazing). Then Hazrat Umar said: "Go home, for all your people have been burnt." When the man went home, he found that his family had been burnt to death.

2. It was a custom with the Egyptians that a virgin was thrown in the river Nile to secure a rise in the surface of the water. During Hazrat Umer's Caliphate the Egypt was conquerred this inhuman practice was stopped. Instead of a virgin a card written by Hazrat Umar was thrown in the river, and immediately the water rose in the river.

3. It is on record that when a contingent of the Muslim army under Sariyah fighting in Fars were exposed to danger, Hazrat Umar while delivering Friday sermon in the Prophet's mosque shouted "Sariyah to the hills" (As he had a telepathic vision of the battle). The command was listened to by the Muslims in the battlefield thousand miles away and was complied with resulting in victory for the Muslims.

4. Once the Holy Prophet said: "God speaks through the tongue of Umar." And his words proved true, as:

(i) Hazrat Umar suggested that the station of Abraham in Mecca should be used as a place of prayer. Later an injunction to this effect was revealed to the Holy Prophet.

(ii) Hazrat Umar suggested that the wives of the Holy Prophet should be veiled. Later a verse was revealed enjoining the wives of the Holy Prophet to be veiled.

(iii) Hazrat Umar suggested that the use of wine should be prohibited. Thereafter God enjoined the prohibition of wine.

(iv) Abdullah b. Ubbay though a Muslim was insincere in his professions and was the enemy of God and the Holy Prophet. When he died the Holy Prophet led his funeral prayer. Umar suggested that the Holy Prophet should not pray at the funeral of those who were the enemies of God and the Prophet. A verse was later revealed enjoining the Holy Prophet not to pray at the funeral of those who were the enemies of God and His Prophet.

(v) When there was an imputation against the conduct of 'Ayesha, Umar said that this was a grievous calumny. Later a verse was revealed declaring the episode as a calumny and establishing 'Ayesha's innocence.

5. Once a peasant came to Hazrat Umar and complained: "I worked on my land, after tilling when I sow the seed it doesn't yield any harvest as it crumbles to dust despite my effort to improve the land. I don't know what to do." Hazrat Umar told him to hear up till he happens to be there on that land. When Hazrat Umar was passing that way the peasant pointed out the land. Hazrat Umar lashed the land with his whip and said: "when this man fulfills all your requirements then why do you spoil his labor." After that the land started bearing harvest in abundance.

 

Hazrat Usman  and Sufism

1. The Sufis regard Hazrat Uthman as one of themselves. In his book Kashful Mahjub, Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh (Ali Hajveri) refers to Hazrat Usman as one of the prominent Sufis. The attributes of Sufism which were very conspicuous in Uthman were his modesty, his piety, his humility, his charity and his resignation.

2. It is recorded in the traditions on the authority of Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar that the Holy Prophet said that the angels stood abashed before Hazrat Usman as they stood abashed before God and His Apostle. It is recorded on the authority of Hasan that about the modesty of Usman the Holy Prophet said: "If it were that .Uthman was in the middle of his house, and the door was closed upon him, and he were to put aside his clothes to pour water upon himself, modesty would prevent him to straighten his back."

3. Uthman was most virtuous and pious. He spent a greater part of the night in prayers. He would recite the whole of the Quran during one night.

 

Hazrat Ali, The Father of Sufism

Hazrat Ali is acclaimed as the "Father of Sufism". Most of the Sufi orders claim their descent from Hazrat Ali. According to Hazrat Ali Hajveri (Data Gunj Bakhsh), the rank of Hazrat Ali is very high in the line up of Sufism. According to Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi, Hazrat Ali is the Shaikh as regards the principles and practices of Sufism.