For Online Test          Click Here If you are unable to reach our academy please email us we will render you online page link where you can attempt test.  Please remit payment always through Western Union Money Transfer in favour of Shakeel Sultan ADVANCE ACCOUNTING    INTRODUCTION This course introduces accounting and finance specialists to the concepts and techniques of accounting. Its conceptual approach emphasizes general principles which students should be able to apply to specific problems and issues in accounting and the wider business/social environment.  OBJECTIVES:         Following are the main objectives of the course:   An appreciation of the main techniques used in accounting A conceptual understanding of the significance of accounting techniques and Accountants themselves in the making of corporate decisions and reporting the results of corporate activity A limited awareness of some of the most important contemporary developments and issues in accounting Solve problems in a variety of contexts in accounting Produce a simple set of financial statements         COURSE CONTENTS           UNIT: 1                        Joint-Stock Company – Introduction  Definition of a joint-stock company Characteristics of a joint-stock company kinds of companies Formation of a public limited company Important legal documents of a public limited company Share capital of a joint-stock company Issuance of shares Over-subscription Subsequent issuance of shares Issue of shares at premium Issue of shares at a discount Issue of shares in consideration of assets other than cash Acquisition of a running business     Bonus Issue and Right Issue  Bonus shares Why companies issue bonus shares Advantages and disadvantages of bonus shares Legal provision for bonus issue Up to what extent bonus shares can be issued Sources of bonus issue Accounting treatment of bonus issue Right issue Purposes of right shares Factors to be considered to make the right issue successful Valuation of rights Accounting treatment for right issue             UNIT: 2                 Debenture, Bonus and TFCs  Characteristics of debentures Difference between a shareholder and debenture holder Important details relating to debentures Why companies prefer debenture issue Different stages of debentures Interest on debentures Interest on own debentures Redemption of debentures by purchase in the open market Own debentures Cum-interest and ex-interest quotations         Company Final Account Requirements of final accounts Trading account Profit and loss account Format of profit and loss account Dividend Balance sheet Format of balance sheet Long term investment Reserves Contingencies and commitments         Analysis of Accounting Ratios Ratio analysis – introduction Meaning of ratio Nature of ratio analysis Interpretation of ratios Important factors for understanding ratio analysis Significance of ratio analysis Classification of ratios Tests of liquidity or analysis of short-term financial position Activity ratio/efficiency ratios Profitability ratios Solvency ratios Return on investment ratios Limitation of accounting ratios              UNIT: 3                             Departmental Accounts Departmental accounts Advantages of departmental accounting Distinction between departmental and branch accounts Techniques of departmental account Allocation of departmental expenses Inter-departmental transfer              Branch Account  Introduction to branch account Need for branch accounting Difference between branch and departmental accounts Types of branches Accounting arrangements of retail dependent branches Wholesale and retail profit at branch Independent branch Incorporation of branch trial balance in the head office books Foreign branches Rules for conversion of branch trial balance when exchange rates are stable Rules for conversion of branch trial balance when exchange rates are fluctuating                  Consignment Accounts  Introduction consignment accounts Important terms and concepts Journal entries in the books of consignor Valuation of unsold stocks Invoicing goods at a price higher than cost price loss of stock or goods                UNIT: 4               Contract Accounts  Meaning and nature of contract Contract ledger Accounting treatment of specific items Profit on incomplete contracts              Hire Purchase and Installment Purchase  Hire purchase and installment purchase – introduction Hire purchase agreement Important terms listed in hire purchase agreement General terms of hire purchase agreement How transaction is completed under hire purchase agreement break up of installments calculation of interest Accounting treatment of hire purchase transactions Repossession Hire purchase agreements of goods of small value Installment purchase system Difference between the hire purchase system and the installment purchase  UNIT: 5                 Joint Venture Account  Introduction to joint venture accounts Main features Difference between partnership and joint venture Difference between consignment and joint venture Maintenance of accounts Records kept at the place of business Records in the books of all ventures – complete Memorandum method Records in a separate set of books             Valuation of Goodwill and Shares  Valuation of goodwill and shares – introduction Definition and nature of goodwill Distinguishing features of goodwill Types of goodwill Factors to be taken into consideration in valuing goodwill Accounting of goodwill Average profit method Super profit method Capitalization of average profit method Capitalization of super profit method Annuity method Valuation of shares Need for valuation of shares Methods of valuation Asset backing methods Yield valuation method             UNIT: 6                     Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction  Amalgamation, absorption and reconstruction What is amalgamation? Why companies do amalgamation? Procedures of amalgamation Accounting arrangement in the books of amalgamating company Purchase consideration Inter-company debts, stocks and investments Absorption External reconstruction                  Liquidation of Companies  Liquidation of companies – introduction Difference between liquidation and insolvency Modes of winding up Winding up by the court Voluntary winding up Difference between members and creditors voluntary winding up Windings up subject to supervision of court Official liquidators Liquidator’s financial statement account      RECOMMENDED BOOK'S:  Principles of Accounting by M.A. Ghani.