Question Bank : Immunology, Genetics & Applied Microbiology

University Exam Question Bank for Indian Universities : Part IV

Immunology

1. Attempt the questions as per directions :

1. Which of the f ollowing classes of immunoglobulins is associated with

anaphylactic delayed hypersensitivity ?

a. Ig A c. Ig G

b. Ig E d. Ig M

2. Where is the range of an Ig G heavy chain is located ?

a. Bet. VH and VH! c. Bet. VH2 and VH3

b. Bet. VH1 and VH2 d. None of these.

3. Define heterophile antigen.

4. Serodiagnosis of typhoid is possible by

a. VDRL test c. Weil-Felix test

b. Widal test d. Kahn test

5. The phenomenon of ‘Phagocytosis’ was discovered by

a. Wright c. Ruska

b. Metchnikoff d. Richet

6. Passive immunization is due to injection of

a. Adjuvant c. Haptens

b. Antibodies d. Antigen

7. Define isoantigen.

8. Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins are in pentameric in

form ?

a. Ig A c. Ig M

b. Ig D d. Ig G

9. White blood cell count is associated with

a. B-cell function c. Both the above

b. T-cell function d. Neither a nor b

10. Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins appear first after

immunization ?

a. Ig D c. Ig G

b. Ig M d. Ig E

2. Write short notes on :

a. Evidence in support of ‘Burnet’s clonal selection theory’.

b. Diagrammatically illustrate the principle of ELISA.

c. Haptens.

3. Write short notes on :

a. Complement Fixation test

b. B cell activation

c. Draw the diagram of thymus and describe its functions.

4. Define immunogen and describe various factors affecting immunogenecity.

5. Describe complement factors and classical pathway of complement activation.

6. A) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers :

i) __________ antibodies are involved in allergic reactions.

ii) Mixed lymphocyte reaction is used for __________ typing.

iii) An effector cell in CMI is __________.

iv) HLA stands for ___________.

v) Histamine is present in granules of ____________ cells.

B) Match the following with correct answers :

(A) (B)

i) Class II MHC Allograft

ii) Class I MHC Marophage

iii) Effector T cells CD8

iv) Antigen processing CD4

v) Fetus Tc cells

7. Attempt the following :

a. Immunization schedule in India.

b. Biochemistry of Blood group substances.

c. Graft versus Host (GVH).

8. Attempt ant two of the following :

i) Central role of TH cells.

ii) Primary and secondary immune response.

iii) Diagrammatically represent structure of HLA complex.

9. Describe in brief ‘ABO’ and ‘Rh’ Blood group system.

10. What is hypersensitivity ? Describe in brief ‘ Hypersenstivity Type I ’ in detail.

Genetics and Molecular Biology

1. Rewrite the statement choosing the correct option (for questions A to E)

A) A DNA-RNA hybrid cannot obtain a B form because

a. it is hybrid

b. of presence of uracil instead of thymine

c. of presence of O at C2 position of ribose

d. of absence of O at C2 position of deoxyribose

B) Priming is an essential step in DNA replication because

a. DNA polymerase III is unable to begin synthesis in the absence of a primer

b. DNA polymerase III can synthesize DNA only in 5’ to 3’ direction.

c. RNA polymerase is required for the priming reaction.

d. None of the above.

C) Transduction in bacteria was discovered by

a. F.Griffith

b. Beadle and Tatum

c. Lederberg and Lederberg

d. Avery and McLeod

D) Most of the generalized transductions are abortive because

a. phage DNA is unable to multiply

b. bacterial DNA carried by phage cannot multiply

c. bacterial DNA + phage DNA cannot multiply

d. phage DNA is unable to integrate.

E) The mechanism of DNA transfer from donor to recipient in bacterial conjugation is

a. tra gene

b. looped gene

c. rolling circle

d. mobilization

Define the following (F to J) :

F) Euchromatin

G) F’ strain

H) Cistron

I) Okazaki fragment

J) Competence

2. Diagrammatically illustrate:

a. Formation of lambda dgal particles

b. Holliday intermediate

c. Breakage and copying model of recombination.

3. Attempt the following :

a. What is intragenic complementation ? Illustrate with example.

b. Describe the role of rec A in homologous recombination.

c. Describe the process of elongation during DNA synthesis.

4. Describe the properties of F plasmid. State and justify whether the F plasmid can be said to be a

parasite on bacterial cell.

5. What are possible adaptive advantages of transformation ? What is the role of transformation in

virulence of S.pneumoniae.

6. Answer all sub-questions as per directions given :

a. State the role of RNA polymerase in transcription of bacterial DNA.

b. Lytic cycle of bacteriophage lambda is intiated by the action of _______

i) CI repressor protein

ii) Cro protein

iii) N protein

iv) C II/ C III proteins.

c. What is ‘promoter’.

d. Name sequential stages of a eukaryotic cell cycle.

e. State true or false : Crossing over is a monopoly of meiosis.

f. Define plasmid.

g. Give specific requirements for the action of T4 DNA ligase.

h. PCR technique is used for _________

i) making multiple copies of a gene

ii) cutting DNA

iii) ligating DNA.

i). What are conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage T4.

j). Define plasmid incompatibility.

7. Attempt the following :

a. Graphically represent the one step growth curve of bacteriophage T4.

b. Explain how genes are mapped using tetrad analysis.

c. Enlist types of plasmid and explain any two types.

8. Attempt the following :

a. Explain the protocol of Southern blotting technique.

b. Explain the concept of polyploidy with suitable examples. Explain the mechanism of

induction of polyploidy.

c. Explain the process of maintenance of lambda lysogeny at a molecular level.

9. Enlist structural details and working of lactose operon in E.coli.

10. Enlist and explain any one method for obtaining recombinant DNA.

Applied Microbiology

1. a. State the fat concentration in toned milk.

b. Give principles of dye reduction test.

c. What is the advantage of UHT method of pasteurization.

d. Write two defects produced by spoilage of canned foods.

e. Define Z value.

f. Name any two types of Aflatoxin.

g. Write two agents used for cold sterilization of food.

h. Which is the organism that causes brucellosis in cattle ?

i. What is the major difference between the composition of milk and colustrum.

j. Choose correct choice and rewrite the statement . Staphylococcal food poisoning

is due to

a. enterotoxin c. aflatoxin

b. neurotoxin d. none of these.

2. Attempt the following :

a. What are different types of milk ?

b. Explain importance of phosphate test.

c. Explain food infection caused by Salmonella with respect to sources.

3. Attempt the following :

a. How is food preserved by using chemicals ?

b. Write about starter cultures and their role in curd formation.

c. Explain significance of bacterial counts in milk analysis.

4. Describe food spoilage with respect to sources and prevention.

5. Describe colour and flavour defects produced in milk.

6. Attempt the following :

1. Soil of mineral origin is formed due to ___________

a). decomposition of plant matter c). weathering of rocks

b). decomposition of animal remains d). mineralization

2. The organic fraction of soil is termed as __________

a). Mineral c). Compost

b). Humus d). Biomass

3. Composting process involves increase in temperature in the compost pile. True/False.

4. Nitrosamines are carcinogenic , mutagenic and teratogenic. True/False.

5. The secondary layers of the cell wall and middle lamella of plants contain cellulose.

True/False.

6. Elemental sulfur occurs in ___________ amino acids.

7. Organism that can use atmospheric nitrogen as their sole source of nitrogen are _____.

8. Energy obtained from biomass is called ___________.

9. Crinkle of potato is caused by ___________ and __________.

10. Define cometabolism.

7. Attempt the following :

a. What is composting ? Explain the role of microorganisms in the formation of compost.

b. Discuss the various methods of biological control of plant diseases.

c. Diagrammatically represent free-floating dome model of a biogas plant.

8. Attempt the following :

a. What is Humus ? How is it formed ?

b. What are the different strategies of chemical pesticides bioremediation ?

c. Explain the biochemistry of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

9. Describe in detail the production of Bioinoculants using Azotobacter.

10. Diagrammatically represent the nitrogen cycle.