CCNA Certification Study Guide |
- Ctrl+Shift+6 then X - Allows you to open more than one telnet session.
- Only the Hardware addresses change when packets go through routers.
- Half duplex Ethernet - One station can only send or receive at any time.
- Ethernet Frame - 64bytes Min and 1518bytes Maximum.
- ISL frames are 1522bytes long, this can be mistaken for Giants and lost. Have to use ISL NIC cards. On router interface use 'encapsulation isl 2' to use ISL frames on VLAN 2.
- FX and SX are fibre media, 100VG-AnyLAN is twisted pair copper media.
- Spanning Tree is IEEE 802.1d - created by DEC (Digital Equipment Corp).
- BPDUs are Multicast frames, sent every 2 seconds. Blocked ports still receive BDPUs.
- Forward delay - Time taken from listening to learning (approx 50 seconds)
- Default IEEE bridge priority 32,768, used to select root bridge. If these are identical then switch with lowest MAC address is used.
- ISDN Protocols - E = Telephone network standards, I = Concepts, Terminology, Q = Switching, Signalling methods.
- ISDN Reference Points - R = non-ISDN device and TA, S/T = references point between NT1 and NT2, U = NT1 and ISDN network (US only)
- TE1 = Device compatible with ISDN, TE2 = Device NOT compatible with ISDN, TA = Converts non ISDN signals to ISDN signals, NT1 = Converts 4 wires into 2 wire local loop, NT2 = Providers equipment (Switch, PBX)
- BRI - 2 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 16kbps (D-channel - LAPD)
- PRI (Europe, Aus) - 30 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 64kbps (20.48Mbps)
- PRI (EUS, Japan) - 23 * B-channel 64kbps, 1 * D-channel 64kbps (1.544Mbps)
- ISDN supports IP, IPX, Appletalk...
- ISDN can use PPP, HDLC, LAPD, each B-channel needs a SPID
- Use static routes for ISDN otherwise it will keep link open.
- MAC address 48 bits (12 Hex), IPX address 80 bits.
- Netware 3.11 (1983-) - ethernet_802.3/novell-ether (Cisco default on Ethernet networks), Netware 3.12 or later (1985-) - Ethernet_802.2/sap - includes LLC, Ethernet_II - arpa, Ethernet_SNAP - snap, Netware 4.11 - use sap, Netware 5 uses IP
- Novell RIP - Metrics = ticks and hops (15 max), 60 sec updates (tick = 55ms / 1/18 sec)
- Novell 4.11 > uses NLSP (Netware Link Service Protocol) Link State Routing
- SAP - Updates 60 Secs - 4 = Netware file server, 7 = Print server, 24 = Remote bridge server
- Ping Responses - U = unreachable, C = congestion, I = user interrupt,? = unknown packet type, & = lifetime exceeded
- Trace Responses - N = Network unreachable, !H = Not forwarded due to ACL restriction, P = Protocol unreachable, U = Port could not be reached
- Ethernet 5-4-3 rule = Between 2 nodes there can only be max 5 segments, 4 repeaters and only 3 segments must have users.
- 80/20 rule - 80% of traffic should be local 20% across backbone
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